Leona Heights Sulfur Mine
photo CC SA-BY-NC Our Oakland
The Leona Heights Sulfur Mine was a mine in the Oakland hills that was active from c.1890s to c.1934. 2,4 In February, 2014, it was announced the owner would be paying for cleanup and encapsulation to help prevent runoff of acid and metals into Leona Creek. 3

The original miners thought they’d discovered gold, but it turned out to be iron pyrite (fool’s gold). They then found that the sulfur could be profitably mined. According to the Society for Industrial Archeology, the sulfur "was processed into sulfuric acid at the Stege Works of Stauffer Chemical in Richmond (and other sites)." 4

While it isn't clear from the photos, this was a mine with tunnels, not just a surface mine. The entrance is blocked off.

As part of the clean-up the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board prepared a fact sheet describing the site, its history and plans for restoration.5

 

Today

The water flowing from the mine is acidic and full of metals and flows into Leona Creek. The property has been privately owned since 2001, but the contamination from the mining means that mitigation work needs to be done before it could be developed 1 ; the 2014 SFGate article says it can never be developed. 3

It was apparently a popular place for young people to explore and subsequently need rescuing from after being overcome by fumes. A fence was built in 2003 separating it from nearby public land.

You can watch a video of the clean-up's progress on Vimeo (as of March 2015). https://vimeo.com/121384761

 

Photos

Photos CC SA-BY-NC from Our Oakland

Leona Heights Sulfur MineLeona Heights Sulfur Minewater flowing from the mine

Links and References

  1. Regional Water Quality Control Board Staff Report September 2008
  2. Leona Heights Neighborhood News MacArthur Metro October 2003
  3. Oakland's Leona Creek to lose odd orange hue after cleanup SFGate February 22, 2014
  4. Society of Industrial Archeology Samuel Knight Chapter newsletter January 18, 2008
  5. Updated Fact Sheet: Remediation and Creek Restoration at Leona Heights Sulfur Mine. Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Bay Region. March 2013